1．Submission declaration

Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the copyright-holder.

By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright for their article is transferred to Propulsion and Power Research if and when the article is accepted for publication. Responsibility for the contents of a manuscript rests upon the authors and not on this journal, the editors or the publisher. The technical contents of the manuscript should be carefully considered by the authors before submission for publication.

2．Language

Propulsion and Power Research is published in English.Manuscripts should be written in English. Manuscripts in which the English is difficult to understand can be rejected. Grammar and Syntax checklist will help expedite the submission process.

Authors who are unsure of correct English usage should have their manuscript checked by someone proficient in the language. If English is not your native language, we recommend that you use a language editing service to improve the English language quality in your paper.

3．Online submission

Be sure to check the Guide for Authors, please submit your article via ScholarOne Manuscript for Propulsion and Power Research, http://ppr.buaa.edu.cn. The maximum size of uploaded files is no more than 60 MB.

Submit your manuscriptand other attachments; the files may be Microsoft Word, Adobe Acrobat PDF, or any otherversion. Use the PPR Writing Template as a template if you are using Microsoft Word 2003 or later for Windows. Otherwise, use the Writing Template as an instruction set. Submission system automatically converts source files to a PDF versionand a HTML version of the article, whichareused in the peer-review process.

All correspondence, including notification of theeditor's decision and requests for revision,may be made through the e-mail: ppr@buaa.edu.cn.

4． Peer review

This journal operates a single blind review process. All contributions will be initially assessed by the editor for suitability for the journal. Papers deemed suitable are then sent to a minimum of two independent expert reviewers to assess the scientific quality of the paper. The Editor is responsible for the final decision regarding acceptance or rejection of articles. The Editor's decision is final.

5．Article format requirement

Authors should make every effort to conform to the article structure given below for the preparation of manuscripts. Proper preparation of manuscripts will speed publication of articles. Improperly prepared manuscripts may be returned to the authors for correction before being accepted for publication.

•Title

Article titles will be used in information-retrieval systems. The title should briefly summarize the purpose of your research and optimally characterize the contents of your paper. Avoid abbreviations and variable symbols where possible.

•Author names and affiliations

Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate the affiliation with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name, and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.

•Corresponding author

Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication. Mark the corresponding author with “*” on the top right and provide the contact information in the footer of the first page.

•Abstract

An abstract of 300 words or less should precede the introduction. The abstract should be a short summary that explains the main argument(s), topic(s) or findings of a manuscript.

•Keywords

Provide 5 to 8 keywordsbelowthe abstract. These terms should optimally characterize the paper. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes. Use keywords that make your paper easy detectable for interested readers in literature databases. Avoid abbreviations and variable symbols where possible.

•Nomenclature and abbreviations

Paper with many symbols should have a nomenclature which conforms to the system of standard international (SI) units. Nomenclature must be listed between the abstract and the introduction. If one is used, it must contain all the symbols used in the paper.

Acronyms and abbreviations should be spelled out in full at their first occurrence in the text, for example, “Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS)”. In general, minimize the use of abbreviations so the paper remains easily understood by the general reader.

•Subdivision - numbered sections

Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered as follows.

NOTE: The nomenclature, the abstract, the keywords, the acknowledgements and the references should not be included in section numbering.

•Introduction

State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.

•Methods, results and others

Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference: only relevant modifications should be described. Results should be clear and concise. Show only those experimental results that are relevant to your objectives and conclusions and which you want to discuss.

•Equations

(1) Use the formula editor to create the equation.

(2) Equations are numbered consecutively, with equation numbers in parentheses.

(3) Variables are presented in an italic font style. Vectors and matrices should be used in bold italics.

(4) Ensure that symbols are defined in the nomenclature or immediately follow the equation.

(5) When citing an equation in the text, use the abbreviation “Eq.” except at the beginning of a sentence, for example, “… as shown in Eq.(1)”, “... Eqs. (2) and (3)”, “Equation (1) illustrates that …”.

•Figures

(1) Figures can be in color or grayscale, or be black-and-white. Figures should have no background, borders, or outlines.

(2) Insert figures within your text.Number figures according to their sequence in the text. Use “Figure” instead of “Fig.” both in the text and in figure captions, for example, “Figure 1”, “Figure 2”. Ensure that each figure mentioned in the text actually exists.

(3) Ensure that each figure has a caption, and place the caption below its figure. If a figure has multiple parts, insert sub-caption, such as “(a)”, “(b)”, below each part and above the figure caption. Provide detailed information and minimize use of abbreviations in figure captions,andmake sure your figures can be understood without reading the text.

(4) The default font of figures is Times New Roman, 8-point size. Narrow the appropriate font only if there is no enough space to type the figure notes. Make sure all characters in figures are legible after reduction to typeset size.

(5) Full page width andcolumnwidthfigures should be less than80mm and 160 mmin widthrespectively, which are the maximum admitted widths for the page setup.

(6) Make sure figure images meet the demand of the print sharpness and quality. Various types of figures are as follows.

EPS format: Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as "graphics".

TIFF format: Color or grayscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.

TIFF format: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.

TIFF format: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale): a minimum of 500 dpi.

•Tables

(1) Insert tables within your text, and number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance. Do not abbreviate “Table” both in the text and in table captions, for example, “Table 1”, “Table 2”. Ensure that each table mentioned in the text actually exists. Ensure that each table has a caption, and place the caption above its table.

(2) The default font of tables is Times New Roman, 8-point size. Do not reduce font size even though there is not enough space.

(3) Place footnotes to tables below the table body and the font is Times New Roman, 8-point size.

(4) Minimize the use of symbols and abbreviations in the tables.

(5) Full page width and column widthtables should be less than80mm and 160 mmin widthrespectively, which are the maximum admitted widths for the page setup.

•Conclusions

Conclusions not only should review the main points of the scientific paper, but also should elaborate on the importance of the work or suggest applications and extensions.Conclusionsshouldnot contain references to the cited literature.

•Acknowledgements

Placeacknowledgements in a separate section at the end of thetextbefore the references. List here those individuals who provided help or financial support during the research.

•References

(1) Text: Indicate references by number(s) in square brackets in line with the text. The actual authors can be referred to, but the reference number(s) must always be given. For example: “… as demonstrated [3,4]. Barnaby and Jones [5] obtained a different result …”

(2) List: Number the references (numbers in square brackets) in the list in the order in which they appear in the text.

(3) All authors’ names should be given in the reference list, instead of using “et al”.

(4) In the reference list, papers that have not been published should be cited as “unpublished”; papers that have been submitted or accepted for publication should be cited as “submitted for publication.”

(5) Private communications and personal websites may be mentioned in the text, but should not be recommended in the reference list.

The following examples illustrate the recording form of different reference types. Cite references in your paper as follows. You are not required to indicate the type of reference. Different types are marked below with red letters for illustrative purposes only.

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