Falkner’s-Skan aspects of a radiating (50% ethylene glycol + 50% water)-based hybrid nanofluid when Joule’s heating as well as Darcy’s-Forchheimer and Lorentz’s forces affect significantly

Ghulam Rasool ^a,b, A.Wakif ^c, Xinhua Wang ^a,*, Ahmed Alshehri ^d, Abdulkafi Mohammed Saeed ^e

a. Institute of Intelligent Machinery, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
          b. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
          c. Laboratory of Mechanics, Faculty of Sciences Aïn Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
          d. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
          e. Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia

Abstract: Falkner’s-Skan aspects are revealed numerically for a non-homogeneous hybrid mixture of 50% ethylene glycol-50% water, silver nanomaterials Ag, and  molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles MoS_2 during its motion over a static wedge surface in a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium by employing the modified Buongiorno’s model. The Brownian and thermophoresis mechanisms are included implicitly along with the thermophysical properties of each phase via the mixture theory and some efficient phenomenological laws. The present simulation also accounts for the impacts of nonlinear radiative heat flux, magnetic forces, and Joule’s heating. Technically, the generalized differential quadrature method and Newton’s-Raphson technique are applied successfully for solving the resulting nonlinear boundary layer equations.  In a limiting case, the obtained findings are validated accurately with the existing literature outcomes. The behaviors of velocity, temperature, and nanoparticles’ volume fraction are discussed comprehensively against various governing parameters. As crucial results, it is revealed that the temperature is enhanced due to magnetic field, linear porosity, radiative heat flux, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and Joule heating effects. Also, it is depicted that the hybrid nanoliquids present a higher heat flux rate than the monotype nanoliquids and liquids cases. Moreover, the surface frictional impact is minimized via the linear porosity factor. Furthermore, the surface heat transfer rate receives a prominent improvement due to the radiative heat flux inclusion.

Keywords: Ethylene glycol-water hybrid fluid; Hybrid nanofluid; Falkner-Skan flow; Nonlinear radiation; Modified Buongiorno’s nanofluid model

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jppr.2023.07.001