Analytical analysis of inclined three-layered composite channel with cobalt ferrite nanoparticles and Hall current in Darcy medium

P.V. Ananth Subray ^a, B.N. Hanumagowda ^a, C.S.K. Raju ^b, S.V. K. Varma ^a, Prakash Jagdish ^c, Se-Jin Yook ^b,*, Nehad Ali Shah ^d

a. Department of Mathematics, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
         b. School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
         c. Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering & The Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
         d. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea

Abstract: The present study explores the influence of electromagnetic effects on the flow of a nanofluid in a saturated permeable medium, confined between a clear viscous fluid in an inclined channel. The nanofluid consists of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles dispersed in ethylene glycol. The governing equations are derived considering Darcy's law for the permeable medium and Tiwari's model for fluids containing nano-sized particles. Additionally, radiation and dissipation effects are incorporated into the energy equation. The equations are transformed into dimensionless form and solved analytically using the perturbation technique. The results are analyzed through graphs and tables for different material parameters. The findings reveal that higher electric and magnetic strengths have a significant impact on the fluid velocity at the interface of the two fluids, resulting in reduced shear both at the clear fluid surface and the interface between them. This highlights the crucial role played by electric and magnetic strengths in modifying flow phenomena. Consequently, combining electric and magnetic strengths with nanofluids can be utilized to achieve desired qualities in multi-fluid flow and enhance heat transfer characteristics.

Keywords: Three-layered flow; Inclined composite channel; Electromagnetic field; Nanofluid; Porous region

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jppr.2023.11.001